Title 13 — Aviation, Maritime, and Rail
Chapter 13A — Aviation and unmanned aircraft
| Section | Offense | Grade | Elements |
|---|---|---|---|
| § 13.01 | Operating aircraft without required license | M1 | Acts as pilot in command without a valid license, rating, or authorization for the aircraft. Commercial or passenger operation is F5. |
| § 13.02 | Operating unregistered or unairworthy aircraft | M1 | Knowingly operates an aircraft lacking required registration, inspection, or airworthiness. Imminent danger is F5. |
| § 13.03 | Reckless operation of aircraft | F4 | Operates an aircraft with willful or wanton disregard for persons or property. Bodily injury is F3. |
| § 13.04 | Flying under the influence | F4 | Operates or serves as a required crew member while impaired by alcohol or drugs. Injury is F3; death is F2. |
| § 13.05 | Violation of restricted airspace | F5 | Knowingly enters restricted, emergency, military, prison, disaster, or temporary-flight-restriction airspace without clearance. Criminal purpose is F3. |
| § 13.06 | Unauthorized landing or takeoff | M1 | Knowingly lands on or departs from a roadway, private property, restricted pad, or closed runway without necessity or authority. |
| § 13.07 | Dangerously low flight | M1 | Operates below required safe altitude or in dangerous proximity to persons, buildings, vehicles, or events without necessity. Substantial danger is F5. |
| § 13.08 | Failure to comply with air-traffic instruction | M1 | Knowingly disregards a lawful air-traffic, tower, or intercept instruction. Substantial danger is F4. |
| § 13.09 | Aircraft theft | F3 | Takes, operates, or exercises unauthorized control over an aircraft with intent to deprive the owner. Force against an occupant is F2. |
| § 13.10 | Interference with flight crew | F4 | By force, threat, intimidation, or substantial disruption, interferes with a pilot or crew member performing safety duties. |
| § 13.11 | Unlawful carriage of dangerous goods by air | F4 | Knowingly carries an undeclared weapon, explosive, hazardous material, or prohibited cargo aboard aircraft. |
| § 13.12 | Reckless drone operation | M1 | Operates an unmanned aircraft so as to endanger persons, invade restricted airspace, interfere with responders, or create a collision hazard. |
| § 13.13 | Drone surveillance in a private place | M1 | Uses an unmanned aircraft to observe or record a private place without consent or lawful authority. Distribution or stalking purpose is F5. |
| § 13.14 | Contraband delivery by drone | F4 | Uses an unmanned aircraft to deliver weapons, drugs, communications devices, or escape tools to a jail, criminal premises, or restricted facility. |
Chapter 13B — Vessels and waterways
| Section | Offense | Grade | Elements |
|---|---|---|---|
| § 13.20 | Operating vessel without required license or registration | I | Operates a vessel requiring a license or registration without current authority. Commercial passenger operation is M1. |
| § 13.21 | Unsafe vessel equipment | I | Operates without required flotation devices, lights, fire equipment, sound device, or other safety gear. |
| § 13.22 | Reckless boating | M1 | Operates a vessel with willful or wanton disregard for persons, swimmers, docks, wildlife, or property. Injury is F4. |
| § 13.23 | Boating under the influence | M1 | Operates or is in actual control of a vessel while impaired. Injury is F4; death is F2. |
| § 13.24 | Excessive wake or unsafe speed | I | Operates above posted speed or creates an unsafe wake in a marina, no-wake zone, or near persons and property. |
| § 13.25 | Vessel collision — failure to stop and aid | F5 | Involved in a vessel collision causing or apparently causing injury or major damage, knowingly fails to stop, aid, identify, and report. Serious injury is F4. |
| § 13.26 | Unauthorized entry into restricted waters | M1 | Knowingly enters a closed port, dam, emergency, military, environmental, or security zone by vessel. Criminal purpose is F4. |
| § 13.27 | Vessel theft or piracy | F3 | Takes a vessel by force, threat, or unauthorized control with intent to deprive. Armed seizure of an occupied vessel is F2. |
| § 13.28 | Smuggling by vessel | F3 | Uses a vessel to knowingly transport persons, weapons, controlled substances, or contraband to evade lawful inspection or checkpoint. |
| § 13.29 | Interference with navigation aid | F4 | Removes, alters, damages, obscures, or falsely displays a buoy, beacon, light, channel marker, or distress signal. |
| § 13.30 | False maritime distress signal | M1 | Knowingly transmits or displays a false distress call or signal causing rescue response. Major deployment is F5. |
Chapter 13C — Rail and transit systems
| Section | Offense | Grade | Elements |
|---|---|---|---|
| § 13.40 | Trespass on railway right-of-way | M3 | Knowingly enters or remains on an active railway, tunnel, bridge, yard, or restricted transit area without authority. |
| § 13.41 | Interference with train or transit operation | F4 | Intentionally obstructs a train, track, switch, signal, crossing, transit vehicle, or operator. Substantial derailment risk is F2. |
| § 13.42 | Tampering with rail equipment | F3 | Knowingly damages, alters, moves, or disables rail, signal, switch, rolling stock, or safety equipment without authority. |
| § 13.43 | Unlawful operation of train or transit vehicle | F3 | Operates or moves rail or transit equipment without authority. Passengers or dangerous cargo make the offense F2. |
| § 13.44 | Failure to obey railroad crossing | I | Drives or walks around a lowered gate, signal, or lawful crossing control. Substantial danger is M1. |
| § 13.45 | Transit fare evasion | I | Knowingly rides or enters a paid transit system without paying required fare. Fraudulent device or repeated scheme is M3. |
| § 13.46 | Interference with transit employee | M1 | By force, threat, or substantial obstruction, interferes with a transit operator or employee performing safety duties. |
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